Free Essays on Constantine Stanislavski

Constantin Sergeyevich Stanislavski was the originator of the principal acting Framework. He had the most significant impact on the way toward acting than any other individual in the twentieth century and the most persuasive acting framework in front of an audience and screen. He imagined that if the performance center would have been important it required more than outside portrayal. Along these lines, more than forty years he tried different things with the mental and enthusiastic parts of acting. The outcome was the Stanislavski System, otherwise called the strategy. In his framework the actor’s fundamental duty was to be accepted. Authentic truth, was found by utilizing enthusiastic memory. Which implied the on-screen character would review their own emotions and encounters and substitute them for those of their characters. For instance, while getting ready for a job that includes dread, the entertainer must remember something alarming. Additionally while planning for a jo b the entertainer would look into the circumstance made by the content, separate the content as indicated by their character's inspirations and review their own encounters. This caused activities and responses as per inspirations. At that point the on-screen character would make his inspirations for acting indistinguishable from those of the character in the content. He could then replay these feelings and encounters in the job of the character and its character. Stanislavski additionally accepted that an entertainer expected to take their own character onto the phase when they started to play a character. By doing this they had the option to accomplish an exceptional connection with the crowd. It was additionally his meticulousness that made this impact. For instance he utilized long delays and melancholy gazes. He felt that life was uncovered in these honest feelings and activities of the entertainers. Stanislavski called this impact mental authenticity. Incidentally, Stanislavski in the long run accepted that these passionate memory procedures could be mentally harming. So he made another hypothesis: the Technique for Physical Actions. Th... Free Essays on Constantine Stanislavski Free Essays on Constantine Stanislavski Constantin Sergeyevich Stanislavski was the author of the primary acting Framework. He had the most significant impact on the way toward acting than any other individual in the twentieth century and the most persuasive acting framework in front of an audience and screen. He believed that if the venue would have been significant it required more than outside portrayal. Along these lines, more than forty years he explored different avenues regarding the mental and passionate parts of acting. The outcome was the Stanislavski System, otherwise called the strategy. In his framework the actor’s primary duty was to be accepted. Acceptable truth, was found by utilizing passionate memory. Which implied the entertainer would review their own sentiments and encounters and substitute them for those of their characters. For instance, while getting ready for a job that includes dread, the on-screen character must remember something alarming. Likewise while planning for a job the on-screen c haracter would look into the circumstance made by the content, separate the content as per their character's inspirations and review their own encounters. This caused activities and responses as per inspirations. At that point the on-screen character would make his inspirations for acting indistinguishable from those of the character in the content. He could then replay these feelings and encounters in the job of the character and its character. Stanislavski likewise accepted that an on-screen character expected to take their own character onto the phase when they started to play a character. By doing this they had the option to accomplish an exceptional connection with the crowd. It was likewise his meticulousness that made this impact. For instance he utilized long stops and bleak gazes. He felt that life was uncovered in these honest feelings and activities of the entertainers. Stanislavski called this impact mental authenticity. Unexpectedly, Stanislavski in the long run accepted that these enthusiastic memory strategies could be mentally harming. So he made another hypothesis: the Technique for Physical Actions. Th...

2017 One-year Top Performing Direct Plans Q2

Savingforcollege.com ranks the performance of direct-sold 529 plans. Direct-sold plans are those that consumers can enroll in without using a broker. We have prepared one-year, three-year, five-year and ten-year performance tables. To prepare this ranking, we compared a subset of portfolios from each 529 savings plan. We selected portfolios based on their mix of stocks, bonds and money market funds, which allows for an apples-to-apples comparison in seven asset-allocation categories. The "performance score" determines the ranking. This ranking could be a useful tool for you when selecting which direct 529 plan might be right for you. Here are our 529 performance rankings as of June 30, 2017 for Direct-sold 529 plans. One-year performance ranking (click here for three-year performance table, five-year performance table, and ten-year performance table ): Rank State Plan Performance score 1 Nevada USAA 529 College Savings Plan 18.61 Plan Details 2 California The ScholarShare College Savings Plan 32.47 Plan Details 3 South Dakota CollegeAccess 529 (Direct-sold) 35.46 Plan Details 4 Alaska T. Rowe Price College Savings Plan 37.55 5 Connecticut Connecticut Higher Education Trust (CHET) 40.77 Plan Details 6 Maryland Maryland 529 -- College Investment Plan 41.32 Plan Details 7 Alaska University of Alaska College Savings Plan 41.92 8 New Jersey NJBEST 529 College Savings Plan 43.58 9 West Virginia SMART529 WV Direct College Savings Plan 43.68 Plan Details 10 Nevada The Vanguard 529 Savings Plan 43.78 Plan Details 11 Wisconsin Edvest 44.38 Plan Details 12 Oklahoma Oklahoma College Savings Plan 46.50 Plan Details 13 Maine NextGen College Investing Plan -- Client Direct Series 48.25 Enroll Now 14 Arizona Fidelity Arizona College Savings Plan 48.56 Enroll Now 15 Massachusetts U.Fund College Investing Plan 48.62 Enroll Now 16 Delaware Delaware College Investment Plan 48.71 Enroll Now 17 New Hampshire UNIQUE College Investing Plan 48.73 Enroll Now 18 Ohio Ohio CollegeAdvantage Direct 529 Savings Plan 49.12 Enroll Now 19 Utah Utah Educational Savings Plan (UESP) 50.67 Plan Details 20 New York New York's 529 College Savings Program -- Direct Plan 51.22 21 Kentucky Kentucky Education Savings Plan Trust 51.25 Plan Details 22 Indiana CollegeChoice 529 Direct Savings Plan 51.79 Enroll Now 23 Virginia Invest529 52.14 Enroll Now 24 Florida Florida 529 Savings Plan 52.80 Plan Details 25 Texas Texas College Savings Plan 54.41 Enroll Now 26 Nebraska Nebraska Education Savings Trust - Direct College Savings Plan 55.46 Enroll Now 27 West Virginia SMART529 Select 57.84 Plan Details 28 Georgia Path2College 529 Plan 57.85 Enroll Now 29 Missouri MOST - Missouri's 529 College Savings Plan (Direct-sold) 58.09 30 New Mexico The Education Plan's College Savings Program 59.14 Enroll Now 31 Nebraska TD Ameritrade 529 College Savings Plan 59.77 Plan Details 32 Oregon Oregon College Savings Plan 60.30 Plan Details 33 Michigan Michigan Education Savings Program 60.33 Plan Details 34 Kansas Schwab 529 College Savings Plan 60.69 Plan Details 35 Tennessee TNStars College Savings 529 Program 61.17 Plan Details 36 Louisiana START Saving Program 62.78 Plan Details 37 Minnesota Minnesota College Savings Plan 63.24 Plan Details 38 North Carolina National College Savings Program 63.49 Enroll Now 39 South Carolina Future Scholar 529 College Savings Plan (Direct-sold) 63.87 Enroll Now 40 Arkansas GIFT College Investing Plan 65.46 Plan Details 41 Iowa College Savings Iowa 65.90 Enroll Now 42 Colorado Direct Portfolio College Savings Plan 68.40 Enroll Now 43 Idaho Idaho College Savings Program (IDeal) 68.61 Enroll Now 44 Vermont Vermont Higher Education Investment Plan 71.64 Plan Details 45 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania 529 Investment Plan 73.24 Plan Details 46 Kansas Learning Quest 529 Education Savings Program (Direct-sold) 73.54 Plan Details 47 Alabama CollegeCounts 529 Fund 74.25 Enroll Now 48 Hawaii Hawaii's College Savings Program 78.17 Enroll Now 49 Nevada SSGA Upromise 529 Plan 81.37 Plan Details 50 Montana Achieve Montana 84.20 Plan Details - District of Columbia DC College Savings Plan NA Enroll Now - Illinois Bright Start Direct-Sold College Savings Program NA Enroll Now - Mississippi Mississippi Affordable College Savings (MACS) Program NA Plan Details - North Dakota College SAVE (Direct) NA Enroll Now - Rhode Island CollegeBound Saver (Direct-sold) NA Enroll Now NA = Not Applicable = Program does not have at least one portfolio with sufficiently-long performance in a minimum of four asset allocation categories under our ranking model. The Savingforcollege.com plan composite rankings are derived using the plans' relevant portfolio performance in seven unique asset allocation categories. The asset-allocation categories used are: 100 percent equity, 80 percent equity, 60 percent equity, 40 percent equity, 20 percent equity, 100 percent fixed and 100 percent short term. The plan composite ranking is determined by the average of its percentile ranking in the seven categories. The performance data underlying these rankings represent past performance and are not a guarantee of future performance. Current performance may be lower or higher than the performance data used. A plan portfolio's investment return and principal value will fluctuate so that an investor's shares or units when redeemed may be worth more or less than their original cost. Investors should carefully consider plan investment goals, risks, charges and expenses by obtaining and reading the plan's official program description before investing. Investors should also consider whether their beneficiary's home state offers any tax or other benefits that are available for investments only in such state's 529 plan. Brokers, please note: For internal use only and not for use with or to be shown to the investing public. Disclaimer: Saving For College, LLC shall not be liable for any errors or omissions in this report. Users should rely on official program disclosures. For broker-sold plan rankings, click here. Savingforcollege.com ranks the performance of direct-sold 529 plans. Direct-sold plans are those that consumers can enroll in without using a broker. We have prepared one-year, three-year, five-year and ten-year performance tables. To prepare this ranking, we compared a subset of portfolios from each 529 savings plan. We selected portfolios based on their mix of stocks, bonds and money market funds, which allows for an apples-to-apples comparison in seven asset-allocation categories. The "performance score" determines the ranking. This ranking could be a useful tool for you when selecting which direct 529 plan might be right for you. Here are our 529 performance rankings as of June 30, 2017 for Direct-sold 529 plans. One-year performance ranking (click here for three-year performance table, five-year performance table, and ten-year performance table ): Rank State Plan Performance score 1 Nevada USAA 529 College Savings Plan 18.61 Plan Details 2 California The ScholarShare College Savings Plan 32.47 Plan Details 3 South Dakota CollegeAccess 529 (Direct-sold) 35.46 Plan Details 4 Alaska T. Rowe Price College Savings Plan 37.55 5 Connecticut Connecticut Higher Education Trust (CHET) 40.77 Plan Details 6 Maryland Maryland 529 -- College Investment Plan 41.32 Plan Details 7 Alaska University of Alaska College Savings Plan 41.92 8 New Jersey NJBEST 529 College Savings Plan 43.58 9 West Virginia SMART529 WV Direct College Savings Plan 43.68 Plan Details 10 Nevada The Vanguard 529 Savings Plan 43.78 Plan Details 11 Wisconsin Edvest 44.38 Plan Details 12 Oklahoma Oklahoma College Savings Plan 46.50 Plan Details 13 Maine NextGen College Investing Plan -- Client Direct Series 48.25 Enroll Now 14 Arizona Fidelity Arizona College Savings Plan 48.56 Enroll Now 15 Massachusetts U.Fund College Investing Plan 48.62 Enroll Now 16 Delaware Delaware College Investment Plan 48.71 Enroll Now 17 New Hampshire UNIQUE College Investing Plan 48.73 Enroll Now 18 Ohio Ohio CollegeAdvantage Direct 529 Savings Plan 49.12 Enroll Now 19 Utah Utah Educational Savings Plan (UESP) 50.67 Plan Details 20 New York New York's 529 College Savings Program -- Direct Plan 51.22 21 Kentucky Kentucky Education Savings Plan Trust 51.25 Plan Details 22 Indiana CollegeChoice 529 Direct Savings Plan 51.79 Enroll Now 23 Virginia Invest529 52.14 Enroll Now 24 Florida Florida 529 Savings Plan 52.80 Plan Details 25 Texas Texas College Savings Plan 54.41 Enroll Now 26 Nebraska Nebraska Education Savings Trust - Direct College Savings Plan 55.46 Enroll Now 27 West Virginia SMART529 Select 57.84 Plan Details 28 Georgia Path2College 529 Plan 57.85 Enroll Now 29 Missouri MOST - Missouri's 529 College Savings Plan (Direct-sold) 58.09 30 New Mexico The Education Plan's College Savings Program 59.14 Enroll Now 31 Nebraska TD Ameritrade 529 College Savings Plan 59.77 Plan Details 32 Oregon Oregon College Savings Plan 60.30 Plan Details 33 Michigan Michigan Education Savings Program 60.33 Plan Details 34 Kansas Schwab 529 College Savings Plan 60.69 Plan Details 35 Tennessee TNStars College Savings 529 Program 61.17 Plan Details 36 Louisiana START Saving Program 62.78 Plan Details 37 Minnesota Minnesota College Savings Plan 63.24 Plan Details 38 North Carolina National College Savings Program 63.49 Enroll Now 39 South Carolina Future Scholar 529 College Savings Plan (Direct-sold) 63.87 Enroll Now 40 Arkansas GIFT College Investing Plan 65.46 Plan Details 41 Iowa College Savings Iowa 65.90 Enroll Now 42 Colorado Direct Portfolio College Savings Plan 68.40 Enroll Now 43 Idaho Idaho College Savings Program (IDeal) 68.61 Enroll Now 44 Vermont Vermont Higher Education Investment Plan 71.64 Plan Details 45 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania 529 Investment Plan 73.24 Plan Details 46 Kansas Learning Quest 529 Education Savings Program (Direct-sold) 73.54 Plan Details 47 Alabama CollegeCounts 529 Fund 74.25 Enroll Now 48 Hawaii Hawaii's College Savings Program 78.17 Enroll Now 49 Nevada SSGA Upromise 529 Plan 81.37 Plan Details 50 Montana Achieve Montana 84.20 Plan Details - District of Columbia DC College Savings Plan NA Enroll Now - Illinois Bright Start Direct-Sold College Savings Program NA Enroll Now - Mississippi Mississippi Affordable College Savings (MACS) Program NA Plan Details - North Dakota College SAVE (Direct) NA Enroll Now - Rhode Island CollegeBound Saver (Direct-sold) NA Enroll Now NA = Not Applicable = Program does not have at least one portfolio with sufficiently-long performance in a minimum of four asset allocation categories under our ranking model. The Savingforcollege.com plan composite rankings are derived using the plans' relevant portfolio performance in seven unique asset allocation categories. The asset-allocation categories used are: 100 percent equity, 80 percent equity, 60 percent equity, 40 percent equity, 20 percent equity, 100 percent fixed and 100 percent short term. The plan composite ranking is determined by the average of its percentile ranking in the seven categories. The performance data underlying these rankings represent past performance and are not a guarantee of future performance. Current performance may be lower or higher than the performance data used. A plan portfolio's investment return and principal value will fluctuate so that an investor's shares or units when redeemed may be worth more or less than their original cost. Investors should carefully consider plan investment goals, risks, charges and expenses by obtaining and reading the plan's official program description before investing. Investors should also consider whether their beneficiary's home state offers any tax or other benefits that are available for investments only in such state's 529 plan. Brokers, please note: For internal use only and not for use with or to be shown to the investing public. Disclaimer: Saving For College, LLC shall not be liable for any errors or omissions in this report. Users should rely on official program disclosures. For broker-sold plan rankings, click here.

Considerations for 21st Century Management and...

Considerations for 21st Century Management Organizational Cultures The four management themes are intriguing and challenging to current and future managers. People, especially those in leadership positions should always be looking for way to improve. One such method as suggested by the readings includes looking to other countries for new strategies, particularly those countries that are stable and relatively progressive. Such examples would include Switzerland, Sweden, and Japan. No matter what though, professionals should keep in mind that there is no one country that has all the answers in any field, whether the topic is management or otherwise. For example, though Japan has many aspects to their management tactics, relative to the United States of America, Japan is decades behind the progression of feminism, particularly with regard to corporate advancement. There have been measures taken to more fully integrate women in the corporate world and the workplace in general, but the action comes from a place of desperation for workers and not from a place of equality, justice, or respect. The Fukushima nuclear disaster--that whole scandal is not an example that others should emulate. Our victories are just as valuable as our errors. There are good and bad styles of management in every country. It is unwise to ignore the tactics, methods, or strategies from others, whether competitors or allies. If a strategy works and abides by an organizations ethical code, it should beShow MoreRelatedGalaxy Toys Case Study1613 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment 1 Role of the Manager and the Impact of Organizational Theories on Managers (Week 3) Patsy Colbert BMGT 364 6390 Management and Organization Theory (2178) September 10, 2017 Professor Charles Smith Introduction Galaxy Toys in Toledo Ohio, had a major shift in management problem, which cause managers to reevaluate their management approach. A general change in employee workplace values initiated management to modify the culture of increased competition. The advances in technologyRead MoreThe Classical School Of Thought1358 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Management styles have evolved over the years. Being able to adapt the management style to the needs of the organization is crucial for the continued success of the business. 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The Concepts Of Care Within An Area - 1504 Words

In this assignment the concepts of care will be described and applied to a nursing practice based within an area, focusing on the 6C s (Smail,2013;Watterson 2013a). The concept of the 6C s are fundamental as they enable service users to get the care they need as well as providing confidence for service providers, which they can demonstrate in practice. Firstly a brief description on the history behind the 6C s and an explanation on why and how they were brought into practice. Secondly a short description of each of the 6C s providing references to give a more depth understanding, including positives and negatives of the information given. Thirdly providing detail about two of the 6C s and applying them to a dementia practice, showing†¦show more content†¦The 6C s are now well grounded in health care to enable service users to feel encouraged to speak up about poor care, to prevent negligence in care again (England, 2014). The 6C s are Care, Compassion,Communication, Courage, Competence and Commitment. Watterson, (2013b) care is described as the core business and that the care provided not only helps an individual yet it improves the health and wellbeing of a whole community. Service providers promote care that puts clients first, allowing them to make the best choices towards their treatment and care that they will be delivered, resulting in correct, good level of care. Foulds,Timms, Barwell, and Gunning(2015) and Watterson(2013c) state that care is the key to nursing as the care provided helps a service user to improve the health of not just the individual, yet the whole community service users expect the best care possible and nurses and nursing staff are there to help provide and promote care that put service users as the main focus. Service providers also aim to involve patients, service users, families and careers to maximize the best standard of care they will receive. Overall, care is both service users and service providers working together to provide the best outcomes for the individual in need. Clarke (2014) describes Compassion to be care based on empathy, dignity and respect. Baillie, (2014) agrees with this and adds that compassion a key feature in how people rate their care, stating it

Australian Securities Investment Commission-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Australian Securities Investment Commission? Answer: Introducation The case of ASIC v Lindberg [2012] VSC 332; 91 ACSR 640 is related to the breach of directors duties and the defendant director being negligent towards the operations of the organization. In this case the plaintiff was the Australian Securities and Investment Commission was the plaintiff and Mr Lindberg the Managing director of AWB LIMITED was the defendant. Civil penalty proceedings have been instituted by the ASIC against the defendant Mr Lindberg for the contraventions of the Corporation Act 2001 (Cth) (CA). The breach was related to the involvement of the director in wheat trade with Iraq for his organization through misusing Oil For food Program which was administrated by United Nations. The defendant director had been negligent over providing bribes to the government officials in Iraq in order to secure business deals. The director was found in this case to not apply diligence and care in relation to the operations of the company in Iraq and thus leading to loss for the company . The proceedings were commenced in late 2009 against the defendant; however the proceedings had been adjourned to ensure that AISC can amend its claim against the defendants[1]. There was a lengthy negotiation between the parties to the case as the hearing did not resume for the purpose of settling the proceedings. The defendant through the process of negotiation agreed formally that he had made four contraventions in relation to section 180(1) of the CA. The main admission was that with respect to the provisions of the section the defendant director was not able to deploy reasonable skill and care with respect to his obligations towards the organization and all other allegations against him had been dismissed[2]. The parties to the case have provided a statement related to the contraventions which have been admitted, the statement is in relation to the facts which have been agreed and submission which have been agreed on the relevant legal principles. The appropriate penalties in relation to the contraventions which have been agreed have also been submitted by the parties, which are a disqualification period of two years and a pecuniary penalty of $100000[3]. As a declaration of contravention cannot be made by consent of ASIC and the alleged director unless a basis is found by the court in relation to the facts that evidence satisfy the statutory requirements which signifies that the contraventions have been made. The burden of in this case is on the ASIC to prove the contraventions in relation to the balance of probabilities. The duties breached by the directors In the case of ASIC v Cassimaties the director have allegedly violated the provisions of the CA related to section 180(1). The section states that the directors and officers of an organization have the responsibility of implementing the best possible skills they have towards the company and continue the operations of the company with care and diligence. The actions of the directors and the other officers have to be in good faith and in best interest of the company. The section is said to be violated when a reasonable director placed in the same position and circumstances of the alleged violator of the duty would have not indulge in actions which had been done by the violator. To make it simple the actions of the alleged contravener of the section are compared to those of a reasonable person to analyze the actions were in the best interest of the company or not. If it is found that the reasonable person would not have done such actions which have been committed by the directors or officers than it is said that the duty have been violated. The test under section 180(1) has been used by various cases such in Australia such as the case of Shafron v Australian Securities and Investments Commission[4] and (ASIC) v Cassimatis[5]. Analysis of the decision The distinct feature in this case was that the contraventions made by the directors have already been admitted by the by and have been accepted by the ASIC. The penalties in relation to the contraventions have also been decided upon by the parties to this case. The role of the court in this case is only to determine that question that whether the statutory requirements to establish the contraventions have been meet or not. The parties in the case have wanted a pecuniary penalty of $100000 as they have stated that the contraventions made by the director are serious. The role of the court in this case is also to provide that the contravention made by the defendant is serious or not to result in pecuniary penalties[6]. In the case of Dean-Willcocks v Commissioner of Taxation[7] it was stated by Austin J that the court is never bound to the admission made by the parties to the case. In this case it was provided by the judge that the admission of the parties may be rejected by the court if it is found that the admissions seek a judgment which is not present naturally[8]. The judge in this case ruled that his task is to find out whether the evidence provided to him is enough to establish the breach of section 180(1) of the CA. the jurisdiction of the court is established by the making of a declaration in relation to pecuniary penalty order s per section 1317G and disqualification order under s206 (c)[9] The court provided that it is satisfied that the contravention of section 180(1) have been made by the defendant as have been admitted by him. All the contraventions are related to the admission of negligence by the directors towards his operations in relation to the company. The court also found that no contravention made by the director depicted that there was intention, moral turpitude or dishonesty of committing such actions. The court found that there was a failure on the part of the defendant to do his duties in relation to the company which a reasonable director would have done in the same circumstances. The court in this case also concluded the fact that the breaches which have been made by the directors were serious. The court also ruled that it believes that the asked penalties and suspension period is within the permissible rage also it is at the higher end of the range. The court therefore provided that the pecuniary penalty of $100000 along with the suspension period wer e appropriate to be provided to the parties of the case. This was because the court in relation to the first contravention of recovering Tigris debt found that the director have failed to undertake enquiries that the recovery in question was in accordance to the UN resolution and had been initiated with the approval or knowledge of the UN. The court found this on the basis of the evidence provided by the parties and therefore established the first contravention. The court was provided with the evidence that the non enquiry was for a certain period and which have been actually made after a certain time by the director. Therefore the contravention is an omission and not a contravention done knowingly[10]. The second contravention was related to failure of the director to notify the board of the company about the fact that as three former employees were not interviewed who had important information about AWB misusing the OFFP the project rose was limited. The evidence in relation to the contravention provided to the court depicts that the director had knowledge that the three former employees were likely to have relevant information. It was also within the knowledge of the director that the boards of AWB and AWBI had information in relation to the purpose of project rose. There is no evidence to show that a reasonable person would have given such information or not, however the court relied on the admission of the director to state that the contravention 2 also had been made. There was evidence to show that the director had lack of expertise in relation to investigation but still the director must have told the board about it. Thus the directors have been negligent and have not willfully violated duties in relation to the second contravention[11]. The third contravention was related to the fact that the director did not give information to the board that inflammation of price has been used to recover the Tigris Debt as per contract AI670 and AI680. The director also did not inform the board with respect to the agreement entered upon by the company with Tigris, or the payment to Tigris have been misdescribed by the agreement not as a debt but a fee along with describe the commission kept by AWBI as a success fee[12] The court in this case found that the contravention of section 180(1) had been made by the defendant director as he had failed not only to exercise his powers but also to discharge his duties in form of a managing director and chief executive of AWB with reasonable diligence and care which would have been done by a reasonable person in the same circumstances. This was because evidence provided by the parties provide that the director had been given the Tigris agreement but he was not able to read it or read it and failed to understand that it states that the money to be given to Tigris was described as a service fee. In the same way that of contravention 1 and 2 it is implied that a reasonable person would have properly read the agreement and understood its meaning and thus the contravention 3 under section 180(1) of the CA also has been established. The failure of the defendant to specifically provide information to the board that the Tigris Debt have been obtained through the use o f Inflation price as per contract 1670 and A 1680 from the Escrow Account of UN[13]. The contravention 4 in this case is related to the failure on the part of the director to provide information to the board that evidence had been received by the UN Independent Inquiry Committee with respect to OFFP (IIC) from former officials of the Iraqi Government. The information provided that Alia was used to direct funds to Iraq and kickbacks had been paid to all suppliers which included AWB who also made payment through Alia always. The evidence depicted that there was an actual failure on the part of the defendant to inform the board and thus like the other three contraventions the fount was also found to be made[14]. Take away points Even if the directors and the ASIC agree to the fact that contraventions have been made by the directors and also set out penalties for it the court in order to approve such penalties and contraventions the court have to be satisfied in relation to the statutory requirements. The declaration made and the penalties by the parties to the case are accepted by the courts if statutory requirements are made even if the penalties are at the higher end of the range. To avail pecuniary penalties serious breach have to be established References ASIC v Lindberg [2012] VSC 332; 91 ACSR 640 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Cassimatis (No 8) - [2016] FCA 1023 Corporation Act 2001 (Cth) Shafron v ASIC [2012] HCA 18 [1] ASIC v Lindberg [2012] VSC 332; 91 ACSR 640 at [1] [2] ASIC v Lindberg [2012] VSC 332; 91 ACSR 640 at [2] [3] ASIC v Lindberg [2012] VSC 332; 91 ACSR 640 at [3] [4] [2012] HCA 18 [5] (No. 8) [2016] FCA 1023. [6] ASIC v Lindberg [2012] VSC 332; 91 ACSR 640 at [6] [7] (2004) 49 ACSR 325 (Dean-Willcocks). [8] ASIC v Lindberg [2012] VSC 332; 91 ACSR 640 at [8] [9] ASIC v Lindberg [2012] VSC 332; 91 ACSR 640 at [10] [10] ASIC v Lindberg [2012] VSC 332; 91 ACSR 640 at [26] [11] ASIC v Lindberg [2012] VSC 332; 91 ACSR 640 at [40] [12] ASIC v Lindberg [2012] VSC 332; 91 ACSR 640 at [45] [13] ASIC v Lindberg [2012] VSC 332; 91 ACSR 640 at [51] [14] ASIC v Lindberg [2012] VSC 332; 91 ACSR 640 at [65]

XYY Syndrome Essays - Syndromes, Cytogenetics,

XYY Syndrome subject = Intro to Biology title = XYY Syndrome XYY Males XYY Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder which affects males due to an extra Y chromosome. Healthy males have 46 chromosomes including one X and one Y chromosome. Men with XYY syndrome have 47 chromosomes, two of which are Y chromosomes. It is not known why the extra Y chromosome occurs. The disorder is present at birth and is estimated to occur in one out of every one thousand live births. In very rare instances, the syndrome has been passed from father to son, but in most cases heredity cannot be established. The characteristics of XYY syndrome are often very subtle and do not indicate and serious chromosomal disorder. Therefore, males with this condition are frequently undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. The primary symptoms include tall or very tall height which becomes evident at the age of five or six, and severe cystic acne during adolescence. Lower than average intelligence and/or behavioral problems, such as an explosive temper, aggressive or defiant actions, or sometimes antisocial behavior are other symptoms. Some individuals with this disorder may also have language difficulties or psychosexual problems. XYY Syndrome is often undiagnosed until tests for other medical reasons are performed. Other than being unusually tall and/or having behavioral problems, in many cases, these boys or men appear normal. Physical characteristics of XYY Syndrome may include an exceptionally long head with a slightly protrusive forehead, long hands and feet, long ears, mild indentation of the breastbone, and/or large teeth. Poor chest and shoulder muscle development is also common. Even though males with this syndrome are large, they tend to be weak and uncoordinated. Some may have a fine intentional tremor, such as shaking hands when the try to drink a glass of water. Occasionally, a bony formation across the joints in the two bones of the forearm resulting in the stiffening of the affected joints may occur. Other occasional symptoms are undescended testicles, a small penis, or an opening located on the underside of the penis. For a long time it was thought that XYY Syndrome individuals had aggressive tendencies often associated with criminal behavior due to the extra Y chromosome. Epidemiological studies suggest that one out of every 35 institutionalized male juvenile delinquents has XYY Syndrome. However, it is now believed by some researchers that this behavior is not due to the extra Y chromosome, but rather to the lower than average intelligence and education levels of these men. More research is needed to understand the role of this chromosomal abnormality on behavior.

Individual vs. Social Consciousness

Individual vs. Social Consciousness Free Online Research Papers Individual vs. Social Consciousness in Hobbes, Madison, Hegel, and Marx Hobbes and Madison derive their concept of politics in the liberal tradition of individualism, sketching out an ahistorical notion of human nature. By contrast, Hegel and Marx view the political as a social construction understood as dialectic. From this dialectic arises a progressive self consciousness. This is a historical process. Hobbes approach towards the nature of man is viewed from a mechanistic and ontological perspective: a vision rooted in a fixed state of being. Hobbes defines this as the â€Å"state of nature.† Through his liberalism, he conceptualizes all individuals as equals: â€Å"Nature hath made men†¦ equal in the faculties of body and mind† (74). He views the state of man without government as a constant struggle and competition over limited resources. This results in a life that is â€Å"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short† (76). The solution to this problem is found through the â€Å"Leviathan.† This is the collective body of mankind united as the commonwealth. In Hobbes words: â€Å"the multitude so united in one person is called a COMMONWEALTH, in Latin CIVITAS. This is the generation of that great LEVIATHAN, or rather (to speak more reverently) of that Mortal God to which we owe, under the Immortal God, our peace and defense† (109). The Leviathan ensures mankind’s security against the state of nature in exchange for submission to it, and is therefore merely a contract that does not change mankind’s essential nature. The allegiance to the Leviathan lies in the Hobbesian choice: life or death. It is a system built on lowest-common-denominator politics. There is no teleological or transcendental goal or finis ultimus (57). It is a conservative rather than a progressive approach, in which the object is only to maintain peace and security amidst the constant threat of anarchy. Hobbes crudely defines a rational subject as one who seeks his own survival at the cost of his freedom. The desire for self-preservation remains constant and so self-consciousness will always be the same. Thus the conception of politics derived from Hobbes’ theory of human nature is ahistorical. There is no way for man’s self consciousness to evolve or change over time because the state of nature in which he exists is static. Man cannot escape his natural propensity towards violence. As in Hobbes, Madison conceives of a static, inescapable condition of mankind. He provides a similar ontological view towards man and his natural tendency towards violence and factionalism: â€Å"The latent causes of faction are thus sown in the nature of man† (Federalist No. 10, 2). Unlike Hobbes however, Madison allows for some historical thinking, because he believes politics and behavior to be influenced by society. He writes, â€Å"we see [factions] everywhere brought into different degrees of activity, according to the different circumstances of civil society† (2). Nevertheless the essential core of human nature remains unchanged. Madison posits a more pragmatic approach to human nature and its susceptibility to its passions. His preferred method for confronting the spirit of factions is the federalist system of government. The goal of federalism is to channel human nature, not create a model of absolute tyranny, as we’ve seen in Hobbes. Madison favors republicanism and describes it as a cure to direct democracy, which causes the tyranny of majority rule. The federalist republican system â€Å"promises the cure for which we are seeking† (4). It is characterized by the following three features: (1) place as much of the government as possible beyond the direct control of the majority (2) divide the powers of the different institutions (3) construct a system of checks and balances. The federalist system corrects the natural factionalism of human nature; it checks rather then reforms the soul. â€Å"It may be a reflection on human nature, that such devices should be necessary to control the abuses of government. But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature?† (Federalist No. 51, 7-8). Hobbes and Madison have a individualist view of self consciousness and politics. This ahistorical formation of mankind is limited to a single unit of consciousness, as it exists independent of another. Both the Leviathan and federalist papers describe social contracts, external forces that serve only to govern individual consciousness rather then create, form or alter them. In contrast Hegel and Marx characterize a dialectical formation of consciousness. In Hegel the Self is created only through recognition by the Other. In Marx self consciousness is determined through class struggle. These conceptions of consciousness are historical for they conceive of people in relation to one another. Therefore these relationships can shift, evolve and change as they are subject to historical contingency. Hegel imagines consciousness as defined through the dialectic. This means two beings are in correspondence with another yet each can only fully exist in their recognition by one another. Hegel writes â€Å"Self consciousness exists in and for itself when, and by the fact that, it so exists for another; that is it exists only in being acknowledged† (111). Only in being recognized by another can we conceive of ourselves. This relationship is caste by Hegel in the form of the lord/bondsman dialectic. Upon the meeting of the self and the other, the first instinct of the self is to attain primacy by destroying the other but the self then realizes without the other there is no recognition of its mastery and therefore will cease to exist. The master must enslave the other in order to continue to be recognized as master. Therefore master exists in relation to slave and slave in relation to his master. The slave endures the oppression of his master and can only understand himself through service to the master: â€Å"Through work however, the bondsman becomes conscious of what he truly is.† This process evolves over time as it gains a heightened awareness of itself. It is thus a historical changing idea of human nature. Hegel gestures toward an understanding of mental progression culminating in an ideal self consciousness. This is the finis ultimus that Hobbes does not allow for in his political visi on. Marx maintains the Hegelian dialectic but changes the idealism to historical materialism. In contrast to Hegel’s idealist philosophy, by which material reality is created by consciousness, Marx claims that material reality creates consciousness and the realm of knowledge. Marx plays out the dialectic along, material, economic and historical lines: Freeman and slave, patrician and plebian, lord and serf, guild-master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary re-construction of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes (473-474). This represents the historical realization of the master/slave dialectic, or dialectical materialism. The relationship between master/slave as seen in Hegel is equivalent to the Bourgeoisie/proletariat relationship in Marx. The abstract relationship is converted to an economic relationship. The Bourgeoisie understands itself in relation to the Proletariat and vice versa. This is what Marx called class consciousness. The understanding of class consciousness as a reciprocal process of recognition serves to empower and liberate the Proletariat struggle against the Bourgeoisie. In his manifesto Marx writes: â€Å"The Bourgeoisie itself, therefore, supplies the proletariat with its own elements of political and general education, in other words, it furnishes the proletariat with weapons for fighting the bourgeoisie†¦.these also supply the proletariat with fresh elements of enlightenment and progress.† (481) The working class gains heightened social consciousness through the understanding of the Bourgeoisie’s need for recognition. Marx posits a forward moving theory of change as history is propelled by the material dialectic of the stratified class system. This is an interactive process of becoming. Marx describes a change in subjectivity due to the capitalist mode of production: â€Å"the modern bourgeoisie is itself the product of a long course of development, of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and exchange† (475). For Marx material forces determine self consciousness. Desires are constantly informed and outlawed; the self is commoditized and transformed into an object of exchange. Marx would call this alienation, caused by the capitalist directive. Both the philosophies of Hobbes’ and Hegel are embodied in Marx’ political thought. His manifesto unites the materialism of Hobbes’ and Hegel’s idea of a socially formed consciousness to produce a doctrine of dialectic materialism. Unlike Hegel however, Marx destination was not an absolute or ideal self consciousness, but rather the end to the class based struggle in which capital overwhelms all human subjectivity. The central difference in the ahistorical verses the historical shaping of the political for these thinkers is rooted in the individualist means for survival. Through the ahistorical lens offered by Hobbes and Madison the nature of man is implied and the goal of life is not in reaching a transcendental state but, merely in staffing off the chaos inherent in nature. In contrast, Hegel and Marx envision an ultimate end, a progressive consciousness illustrated through dialecticism. Hegel gestures towards this understanding through recognition of the self by another, with the purpose of spiritual enlightenment in mind. These goals are actualized in Marx through the realization of social consciousness and the resolution of the stratified society. Bibliography Marx, Karl and Friedrich Engels. â€Å"The Communist Manifesto.† The Marx-Engels Reader. Ed. Robert C. Tucker. New Hegel, G. W. F. Phenomenology of Spirit. Tr. A. V. Miller. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977. Hobbes, Thomas. Leviathan. Ed. Edwin Curley. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 1994. Madison, James. The Federalist No. 10 No. 51. Yale: Avalon Project. HYPERLINK yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/federal/fed.htm www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/federal/fed.htm York: Norton, 1978. 473-500. Research Papers on Individual vs. Social ConsciousnessComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andCapital PunishmentEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraGenetic EngineeringThe Spring and AutumnOpen Architechture a white paper